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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronald Graham</span></h1>
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<p><b>Ronald Lewis „Ron“ Graham</b> (* <a href="31._Oktober" title="31. Oktober">31. Oktober</a> <a href="1935" title="1935">1935</a> in <a href="Taft_(Kalifornien)" title="Taft (Kalifornien)">Taft</a>, <a href="Kalifornien" title="Kalifornien">Kalifornien</a>; † <a href="6._Juli" title="6. Juli">6. Juli</a> <a href="2020" title="2020">2020</a> in <a href="La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, <a href="San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, Kalifornien) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Mathematiker" title="Mathematiker">Mathematiker</a>. Er lieferte bahnbrechende <a href="Wissenschaftliche_Publikation" title="Wissenschaftliche Publikation">Arbeiten</a> auf dem Gebiet der <a href="Diskrete_Mathematik" title="Diskrete Mathematik">diskreten Mathematik</a>, insbesondere der <a href="Ramsey-Theorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsey-Theorie">Ramsey-Theorie</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Graham erlangte 1962 seinen <a href="Doctor_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> in Mathematik an der <a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <i>(On Finite Sums of Rational Numbers).</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er war Professor an der <a href="University_of_California%2C_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California</a> in <a href="San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>. 1972 entwickelte er den <a href="Graham_Scan" title="Graham Scan">Graham-Scan-Algorithmus</a> zur Berechnung der konvexen Hülle eines simplen Polygons.
</p><p>In einer Veröffentlichung von 1977 gab Graham für die Lösung eines Problems in der Ramsey-Theorie eine <a href="Obere_Schranke" class="mw-redirect" title="Obere Schranke">obere Schranke</a> an, die als <a href="Grahams_Zahl" title="Grahams Zahl">Grahams Zahl</a> bekannt wurde. Diese galt als bis dahin größte in einem <a href="Mathematischer_Beweis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematischer Beweis">mathematischen Beweis</a> verwendete <a href="Zahl" title="Zahl">Zahl</a> und wurde auch in das <a href="Guinness-Buch_der_Rekorde" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness-Buch der Rekorde">Guinness-Buch der Rekorde</a> aufgenommen.
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<p>Graham veröffentlichte mehr als 300 Aufsätze und fünf Bücher.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insbesondere verfasste er zusammen mit <a href="Donald_E._Knuth" title="Donald E. Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a> und <a href="Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Oren Patashnik</a> das Buch <i><a href="Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics">Concrete Mathematics</a>.</i>
</p><p>Mit <a href="Jeffrey_Lagarias" title="Jeffrey Lagarias">Jeffrey Lagarias</a> und anderen untersuchte er in den 2000er Jahren die Zahlentheorie Apollonischer <a href="Kreispackung" title="Kreispackung">Kreispackungen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2003 erhielt er den <a href="Leroy_P._Steele_Prize" title="Leroy P. Steele Prize">Leroy P. Steele Prize</a> der <a href="American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a>, deren Fellow er war; 1993/94 war er ihr Präsident. 1983 war er Invited Speaker auf dem <a href="Internationaler_Mathematikerkongress" title="Internationaler Mathematikerkongress">Internationalen Mathematikerkongress</a> in <a href="Warschau" title="Warschau">Warschau</a> <i>(Recent developments in Ramsey theory).</i> 1985 wurde er in die <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, 1986 in die <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> gewählt. 1993 war er zusammen mit <a href="Claude_Berge" title="Claude Berge">Claude Berge</a> erster Preisträger der <a href="Euler-Medaille" title="Euler-Medaille">Euler-Medaille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham war außerdem Präsident der <a href="International_Jugglers%E2%80%99_Association" title="International Jugglers’ Association">International Jugglers’ Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und Lehrer des Jongleurs Steve Mills, des Erfinders des Jongliertricks <a href="Mills_Mess" title="Mills Mess">Mills Mess</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Graham war mit <a href="Paul_Erd%C5%91s" title="Paul Erdős">Paul Erdős</a> befreundet und unterstützte die Idee der Vergabe von <a href="Erd%C5%91s-Zahl" title="Erdős-Zahl">Erdős-Zahlen</a>. Seine eigene Erdős-Zahl war 1.
</p><p>Graham war mit der Mathematikerin <a href="Fan_Chung" title="Fan Chung">Fan Chung</a> verheiratet. Er starb im Juli 2020 im Alter von 84 Jahren in Kalifornien.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften">Schriften</h2></div>
<ul><li>Mit <a href="Paul_Erd%C5%91s" title="Paul Erdős">Paul Erdős</a>: <i>Old and New Problems and Results in Combinatorial Number Theory.</i> L’Enseignement Mathématique, 1980.</li>
<li>Mit Fan Chung: <i>Erdős on Graphs: His Legacy of Unsolved Problems.</i> A. K. Peters, 1998.</li>
<li>Mit <a href="Jaroslav_Ne%C5%A1et%C5%99il" title="Jaroslav Nešetřil">Jaroslav Nešetřil</a> (Hrsg.): <i>The Mathematics of Paul Erdős.</i> Zwei Bände. Springer, 1997.</li>
<li><i>Rudiments of Ramsey Theory.</i> American Mathematical Society, 1981.</li>
<li>Mit Donald E. Knuth & Oren Patashnik: <i><a href="Concrete_Mathematics" title="Concrete Mathematics">Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science</a>.</i> Addison-Wesley, 1989; 1994.</li>
<li>Mit <a href="Joel_H._Spencer" title="Joel H. Spencer">Joel H. Spencer</a> & <a href="Bruce_L._Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce L. Rothschild">Bruce L. Rothschild</a>: <i>Ramsey Theory.</i> Wiley, 1980; 1990.</li>
<li>Mit <a href="Martin_Gr%C3%B6tschel" title="Martin Grötschel">Martin Grötschel</a> & <a href="L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Lov%C3%A1sz" title="László Lovász">László Lovász</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Handbook of Combinatorics.</i> MIT Press, 1995.</li>
<li>Mit <a href="Persi_Diaconis" title="Persi Diaconis">Persi Diaconis</a>: <i>Magical Mathematics: The Mathematical Ideas That Animate Great Magic Tricks.</i> Princeton University Press, 2011 (erhielt den <a href="Euler_Book_Prize" title="Euler Book Prize">Euler Book Prize</a>).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Donald J. Albers, G. L. Alexanderson: <i>Mathematical People – Profiles and Interviews.</i> Birkhäuser, 1985.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ronald_Graham?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Ronald Graham</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=132783843">Literatur von und über Ronald Graham</a> im Katalog der <a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li>
<li>John J. O’Connor, <a href="Edmund_Robertson" title="Edmund Robertson">Edmund F. Robertson</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Graham/"><i>Ronald Lewis Graham.</i></a> In: <span lang="en"><i><a href="MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i></span> (englisch).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/graham.ronald-l">Ronald Lewis Graham</a> in der Datenbank <a href="ZbMATH" title="ZbMATH">zbMATH</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~ronspubs/">Veröffentlichungsliste</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fußnoten"><span id="Fu.C3.9Fnoten"></span>Fußnoten</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=6175">Ronald Graham</a> im <a href="Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> (englisch) <span style="display:none">Vorlage:MathGenealogyProject/Wartung/id verwendet</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~fan/ron/papers/papers.html">Veröffentlichungen von Ron Graham</a> auf <i>math.uscd.edu.</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald L. Graham, Jeffrey Lagarias, Colin L. Mallows, Allan R. Wilks, Catherine H. Yan: <i>Apollonian circle packings: number theory. J. Number Theory.</i> Band 100, 2003, S. 1–45.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald L. Graham, Jeffrey Lagarias, Colin L. Mallows, Allan R. Wilks, Catherine H. Yan: <i>Apollonian circle packings: geometry and group theory. I. The Apollonian group, Discrete Comput. Geom.</i> Band 34, 2005, S. 547–585.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luca-giuzzi.unibs.it/ICA/medals.php"><i>ICA Medals. List of Euler Medal Winners.</i></a> Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 8. Juli 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARonald+Graham&rft.title=ICA+Medals.+List+of+Euler+Medal+Winners&rft.description=ICA+Medals.+List+of+Euler+Medal+Winners&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fluca-giuzzi.unibs.it%2FICA%2Fmedals.php&rft.publisher=Institute+of+Combinatorics+and+its+Applications&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Landman, Melvyn B. Nathanson, Jaroslav Nesetril, Richard J. Nowakowski, Carl Pomerance: <cite style="font-style:italic">Combinatorial Number Theory: Proceedings of the ‘Integers Conference 2005’ in Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Ronald Graham, Carrollton, Georgia, October 27–30, 2005</cite>. De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-092509-8 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&id=2nIkgOGo_EUC&q=International+Jugglers+Association#v=snippet&q=International%20Jugglers%20Association&f=false">google.de</a> [abgerufen am 8. Juli 2020]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ronald+Graham&rft.au=Bruce+Landman%2C+Melvyn+B.+Nathanson%2C+Jaroslav+Nesetril%2C+...&rft.btitle=Combinatorial+Number+Theory%3A+Proceedings+of+the+%E2%80%98Integers+Conference+2005%E2%80%99+in+Celebration+of+the+70th+Birthday+of+Ronald+Graham%2C+Carrollton%2C+Georgia%2C+October+27-30%2C+2005&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783110925098&rft.place=Berlin%2FBoston&rft.pub=De+Gruyter" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717233839/http://www.ejc2014.org/programme/the-legends-stage/121-legend-stage-steve-mills"><i>Legend Stage: Steve Mills.</i></a> In: <i>www.ejc2014.org.</i> European Juggling Convention Ireland 2014, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Graham/"><i>Ronald Lewis Graham.</i></a> In: <i>MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive.</i> University of St Andrews, abgerufen am 8. Juli 2020.</span>
</li>
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